4 Pillars of Qiyas in Islamic Law: Definition, Types, Examples, and Supporting Evidence

Qiyas is a method of establishing the ruling for a new issue that does not have a direct scriptural text by analogizing it with another issue that already has a legal ruling, due to a shared 'illat (legal reason). Qiyas is the fourth source of Islamic law after the Qur'an, Hadith, and Ijma'. Its evidence includes verse 59 of Surah An-Nisa' about the command to refer matters back to Allah and His Messenger. There are four pillars of qiyas: (1) Ashl, which is the case that already has a ruling in the texts, for example khamr which is forbidden; (2) Far'u, which is the new case that does not yet have a ruling, for example nabidz or modern alcoholic beverages; (3) Hukm al-asl, which is the Sharia ruling that applies to the ashl, for example the prohibition of khamr; (4) 'Illat, which is the attribute that forms the basis of the ruling, for example the intoxicating property that is present in both khamr and the said beverage. When these pillars are fulfilled, qiyas can be validly applied. https://mozaik.inilah.com/dakwah/4-rukun-qiyas-dalam-hukum-islam-pengertian-jenis-contoh-dan-dalil-pendukungnya