What is Hindutva, and what are the roots of this political movement?
Hindutva is a 20th century political ideology, distinct from the ancient faith of Hinduism. It seeks to define Indian identity through a particular interpretation of Hindu values, pushing for a Hindu state, though India is constitutionally secular. The term was coined by Vinayak Savarkar in 1923, emphasizing unity of territory, culture, and history, and viewing India as the holy land of Hindus. This ideology has led to claims that Muslims and Christians don't fully belong, despite India's diverse population. The movement grew through the RSS, founded in 1925, and later the BJP, which gained power by championing the Ram Temple at a disputed mosque site. Critics say Hindutva politicizes religion and contradicts Hindu values of tolerance. In practice, it has influenced laws like the CAA, which excludes Muslims, and the removal of Kashmir's autonomy. Hindu nationalist groups linked to this ideology have been implicated in violence against minorities, including lynching over cow slaughter.
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