15 Rules of Madd in Tajwid: Definition, Types, and Complete Examples

The rule of madd is one of the important parts in tajwid knowledge that every Muslim should understand. In terms of language, madd means elongation, which is stretching the sound of hijaiyah letters when they meet madd letters (alif, wawu sukun, or ya' sukun). The basic rule includes alif after fathah, wawu sukun after dhammah, and ya' sukun after kasrah. Madd rules are divided into madd thabi'i (natural) which is recited with two harakat, and madd far'i (branch) that has 14 types. Madd far'i happens because of extra causes like meeting hamzah, sukun, tasydid, or waqaf. An example of madd thabi'i is in the lafaz الْوَسْوَاسِ in Surat An-Nas verse 4. The 14 types of madd far'i include: madd wajib muttashil, madd jaiz munfasil, madd lazim mutsaqal kilmi, madd lazim mukhaffaf kilmi, madd layyin, madd aridh lissukun, madd shilah qashirah, madd shilah thawilah, madd iwadh, madd badal, madd lazim harfi mukhaffaf, madd lazim harfi mutsaqal, madd tamkin, and madd farqu. Each of them has its own rule on reading length and examples in the Qur'an. Understanding these 15 madd rules helps Muslims read the Qur'an correctly according to tajwid principles, so they can avoid mistakes that might change the meaning. https://mozaik.inilah.com/ibadah/macam-macam-hukum-tajwid-mad