Salaam - Does “Children of Israel” Mean Only Them?
As-salamu alaykum. I know “children of Israel” refers to the descendants of Ya‘qub. I’m looking at verses where they’re mentioned/addressed, for example: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:83) - the covenant taken from the children of Israel commanding worship of Allah alone, kindness to parents, relatives, orphans and the needy, speaking kindly, establishing prayer, and giving zakah; then it says they turned away except a few. Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:32) - “That is why We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul… it is as if he killed all mankind, and whoever saves a life… it is as if he saved all mankind,” and it notes Our messengers came to them with clear proofs but many transgressed. My question: when a verse directly addresses the children of Israel, does the ruling or statement apply only to them, or can it be generalised to all people? For example, with 5:32: since it’s worded to the Children of Israel, is the moral teaching limited to that community, or should it be understood as a universal principle? I saw a note on a tafsir-style site saying the message of 5:32 includes everyone at all times - how do scholars determine when an address to a particular people is meant specifically for them versus being universal guidance? I’d appreciate a simple explanation or pointers to classical or accessible tafsir that discuss this kind of address in the Qur’an. JazākAllāhu khayran.