Gaining Clarity: Islam's Perspective on Non-Muslims' Rights and Treatment

As-Salamu Alaikum, everyone. I've been reflecting on how Islam guides us in interacting with non-Muslims, and I've come across some varied views online that have left me a bit confused. Some sources emphasize justice and kindness towards all, while others mention specific rulings that might seem restrictive. So, I thought I'd reach out here to better grasp this topic from a faith-based viewpoint. Could anyone share insights on what the Qur'an and Sunnah actually teach about treating non-Muslims? Also, how do contemporary Islamic scholars apply these teachings in today's diverse, modern contexts? I'm genuinely seeking to understand, not to judge, so any explanations would be appreciated. Jazakallah Khair in advance!