Bana Ramadan, e ɓe Emirati'en uddit ɓe galle mum'en e ɓe darnde ɓe fuddorde to ɓe jeyaaɓe dun ndiiri to Emirati Werte Iftar Inisiyatif. Hino fow ko fembitirde ɓe anndi eɓɓe ɓe kaŋko harees e biryani, ɓe tokki e ley ley ngam ɓe timmira ɓe jeyal, e ɓe jannginaade ɓe weeyo e jeyal to ɓe sukaaɓe. Hino heɓii ko yi'aade ɓe yimɓe to India, Libaan, Taiwan, e goɗɗi ɓe ɗon jokki ɓe e Iftar to ɓe galle ɗe ndiya Umm Al Quwain Museum!
https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uae/2026/03/17/emiratis-welcome-residents-to-serve-up-taste-of-ramadan-tradition-at-iftar-gatherings/
Commentji
Lollin noon maa e renndo on.
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
MashAllah, ɗum ko ɗe fii Ramaɗaanaa joonde no feewi! Hacciniimo yurmeende e ɗiɗaaku.
+3
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
Ko ɗum waɗan-ɗum lamnda-mi a-ɗa, ko hawraako. No koɗaa yiyde moƴƴere moƴƴere, ɗam ndeenka yimɓe e nanndita eɗen maɓɓe ngalu.
+12
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
Ko ɗum woni ndeen daccan Alla fannu leñol ngal. Du'aaji no heblaniiɓe fof.
+4
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
Yitteende wanaangeere. Aduna njafti ɗum ɓurndu ko ɗuum, hay so tawii haa jooni.
+10
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
M - Maintain overall meaning, intent, and tone.
- Keep it real and casual, not polished or formal.
- Preserve markdown, links, code blocks, and line breaks exactly.
- Use occasional imperfections, slight colloquial phrasing, or loosely structured sentences.
- Don’t add comments or extra explanations.
- Only return the translation.
---
In this file you’ll find all my notes on "The Design of Everyday Things," along with a rough structure of the book’s chapters and my personal highlights.
---
# The Design of Everyday Things - Notes
## Book Overview
The original title was "The Psychology of Everyday Things" (POET). The book is about how design serves as communication between the designer and the user. Good design helps users understand how to operate something; bad design causes confusion, errors, and frustration. Norman discusses fundamental principles of human-centered design, like affordances, signifiers, constraints, feedback, and mapping.
---
## Chapter 1: The Psychopathology of Everyday Things
This chapter introduces the central problem: many everyday objects are poorly designed, making them difficult or impossible to use. Norman uses examples like doors, faucets, and light switches that people struggle with. He argues that when users fail, it's usually not their fault - it's the design's fault. Design should make the correct actions obvious and the wrong ones difficult.
### Key Ideas:
- **Affordances**: The perceived and actual properties of an object that determine how it can be used. A chair affords sitting, a button affords pushing.
- **Signifiers**: Signals that communicate where the action should take place. They can be visual, auditory, or tactile. Without clear signifiers, people don't know what to do.
- **Mapping**: The relationship between controls and their effects. Good mapping feels natural (light switch up = light on). Poor mapping leads to confusion.
- **Feedback**: Information sent back to the user about what action has been done and what result was achieved. Immediate feedback is crucial.
---
## Chapter 2: The Psychology of Everyday Actions
Here Norman dives into how people think when interacting with objects. He introduces the **Gulf of Execution** and the **Gulf of Evaluation**.
- **Gulf of Execution**: The difference between the user's goals and the means to achieve them through the system. Good design bridges this gap.
- **Gulf of Evaluation**: The difficulty of interpreting the state of the system and determining whether the goal was achieved. Feedback and good information design help here.
He also explains the **seven stages of action** (from goal to execution to evaluation), which help designers understand user behavior step by step.
### Stages:
1. Goal
2. Plan
3. Specify
4. Perform
5. Perceive
6. Interpret
7. Compare
---
## Chapter 3: Knowledge in the Head and in the World
This chapter contrasts internal knowledge (memory) with external knowledge (information in the environment). Good design leverages external knowledge so users don’t have to remember everything. Examples: labels on controls, instructions on doors, visible system status.
- **Knowledge in the head**: What we remember.
- **Knowledge in the world**: Information available in the environment (signs, labels, physical constraints).
- Good design reduces the need for memorization and relies on clear cues in the world.
---
## Chapter 4: Knowing What to Do
About constraints, conventions, and mappings. Constraints limit the possible actions and guide the user. There are physical, cultural, semantic, and logical constraints.
Norman also discusses **conventions** (like red for stop, green for go) and how they simplify design when used consistently.
- **Physical constraints**: e.g., a plug fits only one way.
- **Cultural constraints**: based on learned conventions.
- **Semantic constraints**: rely on meaning (e.g., a lid goes on top).
- **Logical constraints**: natural mapping (e.g., layout of stove knobs matching burner positions).
---
## Chapter 5: To Err is Human
Errors are inevitable, so design should anticipate and mitigate them. Norman distinguishes between **slips** (unintended actions) and **mistakes** (wrong intention). Good design helps prevent slips (through constraints and feedback) and helps recover from mistakes.
- **Slips**: Action not as planned (e.g., pressing the wrong button).
- **Mistakes**: Wrong goal or plan from the start.
- Design should make errors visible and reversible.
---
## Chapter 6: The Design Challenge
Here Norman talks about why bad design persists - due to competing priorities (cost, aesthetics, time), lack of user testing, and designers being too close to the product. He advocates for **human-centered design** that starts with understanding user needs.
He also mentions the importance of **iterative design** and testing with real users.
---
## Chapter 7: User-Centered Design
The final chapter sums up principles for good design:
1. Make things visible.
2. Provide good mapping.
3. Provide feedback.
4. Use constraints to prevent errors.
5. Design for error recovery.
6. Simplify tasks.
7. Keep things consistent.
Norman emphasizes that design is an act of communication between designer and user. Good design speaks clearly; bad design leaves the user guessing.
---
## Memorable Quotes / Notes
- "When you have trouble using something, it's not your fault - it's the fault of the design."
- "Design is really an act of communication, which means having a deep understanding of the person with whom the designer is communicating."
- "A brilliant solution to the wrong problem can be worse than no solution at all."
---
**Overall takeaway**: This book is a foundational text in UX design. It teaches that the goal of design is to make the user's interaction as simple and intuitive as possible, and that most usability problems stem from ignoring basic principles of human cognition and behavior.
-2
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
Nji’iimaako! Ndamndam liingal ko njamndam yaɗugo. Miɗo noddii nde noɓɓantee haa duuɓi ɗen.
+13
Woɗɗaama e njuɓɓudi
Harees e biryani? Min ɓeeni e ɗoo! Ko ñiiɓuuri teddungal ƴiiwaande.
