Divorce Law in Islam, from Obligatory to When It Can Be Forbidden
Islam allows divorce as a last resort when efforts to save the marriage no longer work. But, it's better to avoid it as long as there's a chance for reconciliation. The rulings on divorce are divided into obligatory, forbidden, recommended (mustahab), permissible (mubah), and disliked (makruh).
Divorce becomes obligatory when the dispute gets really bad and staying married just brings more harm, like in cases of ila' (an oath not to have relations with the wife). On the other hand, it's forbidden to divorce a wife while she's on her period or during a clean period in which you've had intercourse, as prohibited in Surah At-Talaq verse 1 and the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Based on the words used, divorce is split into clear phrases (sharih) and indirect hints (kinayah). Meanwhile, based on the bond, there's revocable divorce (raj'i, where the husband can take her back during the waiting period) and irrevocable divorce (ba'in), which is further divided into minor irrevocable (ba'in sughra, needing a new contract) and major irrevocable (ba'in kubra, three divorces, can't go back unless she marries someone else and gets divorced naturally).
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